civil engineering
=> a study of the repair, planning and building of public buildings such roads, bridges, harbours
=> The US Civil Engineering Research Foundation operates a clearinghouse that tracks the development of
   new technologies and materials and informs industries in other countries of their uses and availability.

diagonal
=> a straight line connecting any two vertices of a polygon that are not adjacent
=> Mr.Lee drew a diagonal with fine brush.

damaging
=> causing harm or injury
=> He believes that the relentless push for economic growth is deeply damaging to the environment.

epic tale
=> a story which is alike a long narrative poem telling of a hero's deeds.
=> One reviewer called the film "a truly epic tale - a masterpiece and a classic."

relief crops
=> A team who transports the sick or injured
=> Another Austrailian relief crops was wounded

bad property
=> illegal loan
=> Due to bad property and commercial loans in the early 1990's,
   the entire banking systems of some Scandinavian cuontries had to be baild out by government regulators.

1. Last Thursday, while Gray _____ home from work, he _____ control fo his steering and hit another car.
   He wasn't hurt, but his car was damaged.

  a : drove - lost
  b : wasdriving - was losing
  c : was driving - lost
  d : drove - was losing

2. Elena : You're late again, Steve. Where the hell were you?
   Steve : Sorry. I ____ for a place to park.

  a : look
  b : am looking
  c : looked
  d : was looking

3. Last night I _____ a noise and woke up.
   There was a storm outside and the branches of the trees _____ the window.

  a : heard - were scraping
  b : was hearing - scraped
  c : heard - scraped
  d : was hearing - were scraping

silverware
=> all the things made of silver, especially the cutlery and dishes in a house
=> The hotel silverware was specially designed by Grieve and Co.

landing
=> the act of coming or being put ashore or of returning to the ground.
=> We had an emergency landing.

forfeit
=> to be deprived of
=> Guests failing to notify management of staying over will be assessed a fee of three dollars, and will forfeit their key deposit of an additional two dollars.

resolutely
=> determined in character, action or ideas
=> She resolutely refused to learn about computers

enhanced
=> imporvoed or increased the value, quality or intensity of something
=> It is also belived that eyesight will be able to be enahanced by this advancement.

courseware
=> an educational software
=> Use electronic bulletin boards, e-mail, computer-based video conferencing, decision-support software, multimedia courseware, and more.

endurance
=> the capacity for, or the state of, patient toleration
=> Cross training is good for building speed and endurance.

cordial
=> warm and sincere; friendly
=> His personal relations with Callaghan were far more cordial than they had ever been.

dredge
=> to clear the bottom of deepen ( the sea or a river) by bringing up mud and waste
=> Scientists say the best way to remove the polluted sediments from the river bed is by dredging.

A : Oh, it's a lonely world, Lily.
B : I thought you were over her.
A : I was. I am. She was still maybe my best friend and the only childhood friend that I kept.
    I don't know. I just don't do well with birthdays.
B : I hear they're throwing you a big party. Sometimes you got to let the world be a party.

A : 옆구리가 시리네요, Lily.
B : 그녀를 잊었는 줄 알았는데.
A : 잊었어요. 그럴거고. 그녀는 아직 내 어린시절을 함께한 유일한 친구이고, 최고의 친구에요. 글쎄요. 생일날은 정말 싫어요.
B : 친구들이 큰 파티를 열어준다고 들었는데, 가끔은 그냥 세상을 즐겨봐요.

1. I very much appreciate the __________ extended to me when I visited your company last week.
(A) altruism
(B) cultivation
(C) fondness
(D) hospitality

extend : 베풀다
altruism : 애타주의, 이타주의 <-> egoism : 이기주의
cultivation : 경작, 개간, 교화, 양성
fondness : 애호, 애정, 맹목적인 사랑
hospitality : 환대, 후한 대접, 호의

2. The data we obtained on the seismic activities of the volcanin island seem to be consistent with _____ findings.
(A) quick
(B) before
(C) done
(D) past

명사를 수식할 형용사 자리

before : 부사
done : 명사 뒤에서 상태 등을 설명

particularly
=> specifically; especially
=> She looks particularly attractive today.

bankrupt
=> legally declared unable to pay one's debts
=> The notice in the newspaper indicated that Data Systems was going bankrupt

retail
=> relating to, concerned with, or engagaed in such sale of goods
=> Retail prices showed a 4% jump in February

dull
=> uninteresting; lacking liveliness
=> Her story was dull.

phony
=> something which is not sincere or not real
=> He can tell it's a phony

willingness
=> cheerful compliance
=> Yet given time and the willingness to make a substantial investment, the American market can be penetrated.

combustible
=> liable to catch fire and burn readily
=> Compressed gas cylinders must be stored a minimum of 20 feet from combustible material such as grease, oil, paint, etc.

reenact
=> to enact again; to act or perform something on stage or in real life again.
=> Today we will have a chance to visit historic Fort Williams, where we will see a Revolutionary War battle reenacted, and later have lunch.

claustrophobia
=> an irrational fear of being in confined spaces, e.g. lifts, tunnels
=> He sufferes from claustrophobia so he never travles on underground trains.

a : He visited the town which he was born in.
b : He visited the town in which he was born in.
c : He visited the town where he was born.
d : He visited the town in which he was born.

in which = where

Two movies, _______ I had ever heard of before, were playing at the cinema
a : which
b : with which
c : neither of them
d : neither of which

a : Everything ______ I said was true. Believe me!
b : You know I'll always be right by your side until the day ______ I die.
c : Larry did really well on TOEFL, ______ surprised his English teacher.
d : The reason _____ I'm calling you is just to say hello.

extra information 을 의미하는 comma 뒤에 오는 관계대명사는 which

A : What can I do for you?
B : Well, I was thinking about a little collagen. I've heard about fat injections.
A : We don't do fat injections. Get lumpy
B : So, I was thinking about these wrinkles. Now, I know that they'are not really noticeable
A : No! I can see them clear as day.

A : 어떤 걸 봐드릴까요?
B : 콜라겐을 생각해봤는데요. 지방 삽입에 대해 들어봤거든요.
A : 지방 삽입은 안합니다. 울퉁불퉁 해지거든요
B : 이 주름들도 생각해봤는데요. 머. 지금은 잘 안보이기는 하지만.
A : 무슨 소리에요. 아주 잘 보여요.

(as) clear as day : 대낮처럼, 아주 명백한
lumpy : 울퉁불퉁한

a : An atheist is a person who doesn't believe in God.
b : I like movies that have happy endings.
c : I don't remember that he said
d : The car which Craig bought uses a lot of gas.

the thing that = what

a : I met a woman who brother is a famous politician
b : I have never seen her since the day that she left school.
c : What's the reason that there is no oxygen in space?
d : Is this the book which you were looking for?

his/her/their를 대신하는 관계대명사는 whose

a : Brian's car, _____ he bought then years ago, is quite small.
b : I have to read four books, all of ____ I borrowed from the library
c : There are several ways in ____ a fossil may be formed.
d : I would like a room ____ I can have plenty of sunshine.

장소를 나타내는 in과 which는 where로 바꿀 수 있다.

rather
=> more readily; more willingly, in preference, somewhat. rather; a little
=> I would rather tell the truth
=> He is old and rather frail

dedication
=> the quality of being dedicated
=> We are grateful to Jack for his dedication and professionalism and we applaud his ability to be persuasive without being offensive.

building inspection
=> the examination of all the systems of buildings completed, often to find faults or mistakes
=> Certificate of occupancy will be withheld until such time as this Building Inspection Office is satisfied that building is in compliance with all codes.

comparison
=> the process of, an act of or a reasonable basis for, comparing
=> There is no comparison between the two restaurants.

overrun
=> an excess of production.
=> Sales items and overruns, all first-quality goods, can be found in our bargain basement.

turnout
=> the number of people who collectively attend a meeting. the number of people voting in an election
=> The charity event had an even greater turnout than expected.
=> Nearly 80 percent of eligible voters went to the polls for Friday's election, one of the nation's highest turnouts ever.

sip
=> to drink in very small mouthfuls
=> The man is sipping on his drink.

1. Many of Quaker Oats products are now more popular overseas than they are _______.

(A) locale
(B) localy
(C) locality
(D) local

 => Many of ... are now more popular "overseas(해외에서 ; 부사) than they(many of 이하를 가리키는 대명사주어) are (popular:유명한, 알려진 의미의 중복으로 생략) "부사자리"

2. Most hotels are __________ located just outside the downtown area and are within walking distance from both the FLeet Convention Center and Prudential Towers.

(A) conveniently
(B) convening
(C) convene
(D) convenience

 => many hotels(주어) are ___ located(동사구 : 수동태) just outside the down...(부사구)
    locate를 수식하는 부사가 들어갈 자리

● 캐논렌즈(Cannon)

☞ EF (Electric Focus)
- 캐논렌즈엔 모두 이 표기가 되어있다.

- 전기적인 방식으로 초점을 맞춘다는 의미로 캐논의 AF 렌즈 앞에 붙는 이름이다. 참고로 EOS는 Electric Optical System의 약자이다. '에오스' 라고 발음되는 EOS는 그리스 신화에서 빛의 여신을 뜻한다고 한다.
⭇ EF 100mm F2 USM

☞ 초음파 모터(USM : Ultra Sonic Motor)
- 캐논 EF 렌즈에 들어있는 초음파 모터(USM)는 세계최초의 렌지기반 모터입니다. 완전한 최신기술을 바탕으로 초음파 진동에너지로 모터를 회전시키는 USM은 조용하고 빠릅니다. USM을 채용하고 있는 렌즈는 거의 소음이 없고 오토포커싱이 빠르고 정밀하게 효율적입니다. 직접 구동방식 구조는 기어열이 없어 매우 단순합니다. 이는 내구성과 효율성을 높여주고 또한 전원을 거의 소비하지 않습니다. USM은 링 타입의 USM과 마이크로 USM의 두가지 종류가 있습니다. 전자는 큰 조리개와 슈퍼망원렌즈에서 사용되는 반면 후자는 보다 컴팩트한 렌즈에서 사용됩니다. 렌즈에서 적절한 타입의 USM을 사용하는 것이 능률적이고 효과적인 결과를 가져오게 됩니다

-  초음파 모터를 이용하면 렌즈를 구동시키는 기어를 줄이거나 없앨 수 있고, 소음도 평균 43dB 정도로 최소화 할 수 있다. 또한 포커싱 속도도 무척 빠르다.
⭇ EF 200mm F1.8L USM

☞ L (Luxury)
- 호화, 사치품이라는 뜻으로 이름 그대로 대단히 사치스러운 렌즈다. 각종 특수재료와 기법(예를 들면 비구면 렌즈라든가 초저분산 유리, 특수코팅, 초음파 모터 등)의 기술을 동원해 만든 고급렌즈다. 대단히 우수한 성능으로 전문가들의 절대적인 찬사를 받고 있다. (L 렌즈에는 광각과 광각계 줌렌즈에는 비구면을, 망원과 망원 줌에는 초저분산 유리(UD: Ultra-low Dispersion)를 쓰고 있다. 물론 초음파 모터도 함께 쓰인다.
⭇ EF 20mm F2.8L USM

☞ IS (Image Stabilizer)
-  세계최초로 이미지 흔들림 방지(Image Stabilizer-손떨림 방지기능)가 장착된 교환 렌즈 카메라가 흔들려서 촬영 장면이 흐릿해질 수 있는 낮은 조명의 조건에서도 선명한 영상을
얻을 수 있으며 해질녘이나 삼각대를 사용할 수 없는 장소에서 효과적입니다
- 렌즈의 흔들림으로부터 안정된 이미지를 얻기 위하여 렌즈의 흔들림이 발생할 때 정교한 흔들림을 추적, 자이로스코프 센서가 작동하여 불안정성을 중화시키는 작용을 하는 렌즈를 말한다.
⭇ EF 75-300mm F4-5.6 IS USM

☞ TS-E (Tilt & Shift for EOS)
대형 카메라의 틸트, 시프트 효과를 이용할 수 있는 특수렌즈다. EOS용 렌즈이긴 하지만 AF는 되지 않으며 광학적으로도 매우 우수한 렌즈로 현재 3가지가 발매되고 있다.

⭇ TS-E 45mm F2.8

foothold
=> a secure position, esp. a firm basis for further progress or developement
=> When attempting to establish a new market, it is not uncommon for large companies to purchase smaller companies that already have a foothold in the market.

red meat
=> dark-coloured meat, eg beef or lamb
=> By following a proper dieet and by reducing consumption of certain foods, such as fats and red meat, you can lower your risk of developing certain types of cancer.

designated
=> selected or named for a duty
=> The ranger I tallked to said we're only allowed to camp in designated areas, and can olny use existing fire pits - we can't dig new ones.

propenent
=> a supporter or advocate of something; someone who argues in favour or their cause
=> She was a avid propenent  of equal rights for immigrants.

expedite
=> to speed up, or assist the progress of something
=> After i receive your revised report, I will expedite the processing to get you your check without further delay.

fringe
=> the outer area; the edge; the part farthest from the main area or centre
=> It was a park with a fringe of trees.

crispness
=> freshness
=> A winter crispness fills the air, craft and gift shops deck their halls, and caroler serenade visitors and townsfolk alike with joyful Christmas songs.

A : Top of your class at Harvard. Magna cum laude, in fact. I can't help wordering what someone like you is doing in a prison.
B : Took a wrong turn a few months back.
A : You make it sound like a traffic infraction. Like all you did was turning the wrong way up a one-way street.
B : Everyone turns up one, sooner or later

A : 하버드 대학 우수학생에, 우등상 받고 졸업했다면서, 당신 같은 수재가 감옥에는 무슨 일인지 그 사연이 참 궁금하네
B : 몇 달 전 길을 좀 잘못 들었던 거죠.
A : 자네가 무슨 교통위반 한 것처럼 말하는군. 꼭 일방통행인 길에서 방향을 잘못 틀었던 것 뿐이라는 듯이 말이야.
B : 누구나 다 언젠가 한번쯤은 그럴 수 있는거 아닌가요

Politicians should be ________ the needs of ordinary citizens whose opinions are often suppressed by powerful interest groups and lobbyists.

A) spoken with
B) examined by
C) capable of
D) conscious of

The addresses of the teaching staff listed on the school website are more than ______ those in the student handbook.

A) recent
B) new
C) different
D) late

전화메시지
1. 자기소개
  Hi! This is Becky calling from YBM in Korea.
2. 전화목적
  I'm calling to ask some questions concerning the program.
3. 상황설명
  We received the program last month but we found several mistakes in the program manual.
4. 요구사항
  So could you please let me know when I can get the new manual?
5. 연락처
  You can contact me from 9 to 10 by the number of 123-4567.

walk-in
=> of or pertaining to persons who walk into an office or store from the street without an appointment
=> Appointments are usually, required, but if you are injured or are too ill to wait for an appointment, you can be seen on a walk-in basis.

caterer
=> a person whose business is to provide food, supplies and service at social gatherings
=> A firm of caterers took care of her wedding party.

comparable
=> able to be compared; similar enough to allow comparison
=> If you do not handle a specific item on the list, but can provide an item comparable in color, design, and price, please provide a quote for that item.

designation
=> the act of putting a person into a non-elective position
=> A lot of cloak-and-dagger activity was involved in the designation of the director.

undoubtedly
=> Accepted as beyond question; undisputed
=> Due to the high quality of his work, Mr. Young will undoubtedly be promoted to Assitant Sales Manager next year.

occupational
=> relating of work
=> Many doctors, the report said, often have little or no experience with occupational health issues and as a result recommend that their patients take off work for longer that is necessary, which costs businesses money in lost productivity.

relish
=> a sauce or pickle which adds such a flavor to food
=> The cook is adding a relish to the dish.

comparably
=> in a comparable method
=> Oils and perfumes can be placed comparably on the skin or poured in baths.

establishment
=> a place of business together with its employees, merchandise, equipment, etc.
=> There is an establishment where they sell used cloting Downtown.

first thing
=> before anything else
=> We were supposed to have those first thing this morning. What happend?

effortlessly
=> without effort or apparent effort
=> Sharpen your knives perfectly and effortlessly with EdgeMaster, the number one chefs' choice.

privileged
=> having a privile
=> As an ambassador, she enjoys a very privileged status.

fabricate
=> to make up something artificial or untrue. to put together out of components or parts
=> Compared to borosilicates, alumniosilicates are much more difficult to fabricate.
=> Automobiles are being fabricated in this factory.

concede
=> to admit to be true or correct
=> The government has conceded the new tax policy has been a disaster.

confide
=> to entrust someone(to someone's care). to place reliance on, trust
=> The director wants us to confide the management of our distribution network.
=> You can confide in his good faith

earnestly
=> marked by or showing deep sincerity or seiousness
=> I respect my parents earnestly.

A : Boss, actually, I didn't think it was appropriate to invite children to a New Year's party since there's alcohol and it's a school night.
B : why are you the way you are? Honestly, I try to do something fun, you always try to spoil it.
A : With all due respect, i still think I'm right on this one.
B : Good for you. I really hate your guts.

A : 사장님, 사실 아이들을 신년회에 초대하는 것은 적절하지 않다고 생각합니다.
    술도있고, 그리고 평일이라 아이들은 학교가야죠.
B : 도대체 왜 그러나? 솔직히, 내가 재미있거나 신나는 일을 하려고 할 때마다 넌 망쳐놓더라.
A : 죄송합니다만 이 문제는 제가 옳다고 생각합니다.
B : 잘났네, 당신 배짱이 정말 싫어.

Be sure to complete the last portion of the form, _______ it and keep it for future reference.
(A) write
(B) detach
(C) withdraw
(D) correspond

Because of the heavy traffic expected on the norgh-bound express way, the drivers are _____ to seek alternate routes.
(A) advising
(B) advisable
(C) advisory
(D) advised

advise : 당부하다, 권하다
  I advise you to visit the website to find out more information.
advise + 목적어 + to + V 의 수동형 => 목적어 + be advised